Lyophilisation of mannitol and NaCl solutions in serum vials
In this Application Note sodium chloride (NaCl) and mannitol are used for freeze drying experiments. The unambiguous crystal structure of NaCl renders this salt a model compound. In contrast, mannitol is well known to crystallize in different polymorphs and it may form hydrates. Nevertheless, mannitol is the most used bulking agent for freeze dried pharmaceutical formulations. The benefits of using mannitol are that it crystallizes during freezing, creates a beautiful cake and permits drying processes at higher product temperatures, thus with higher sublimation rates compared to purely amorphous systems.
Lyophilisation of truffles
Truffles are products with limited shelf life and their sensory properties are rapidly lost. Hence, the expensive fungi become less valuable within a few days. Losses of volatile compounds, oxidation and enzymatic reactions are a considerable problem during their storage. Furthermore, the aroma profile is commonly modified as a result of elevated temperature processes or enzymatic reactions. Freeze drying the fungi avoids loss and degradation of volatile compounds due to the low temperatures applied during drying. The aromatic profile of truffles are maintained. Freeze dried truffles can either be rehydrated or directly used in dry form.
Spray drying of paracetamol with the Nano Spray Dryer B-90
Spray drying is a scalable, rapid and drying is a scalable, rapid, and economic technique that allows that converting liquids into dry powders. Paracetamol (also known drug for fever reduction and pain relief with anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the feasibility of the Nano Spray Dryer B-90 to spray dry paracetamol in combination with Kollidon® 30, a widely applied 30, a widely applied excipient in the excipient in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, was tested. The investigations focused on the influence on particle size, residual solvent content, and morphology.
The use of organic solvents in laboratory freeze-dryer
Freeze-dryers were initially intended to be used with water as a solvent. With new applications, freeze-drying is consequently being used more and more in combination with organic solvents instead of water. Organic solvents and inorganic acids and bases are often used in research and development prior to lyophilisation of the sample. The behavior of these new types of samples during freeze-drying must therefore be considered prior to the process.