Lyophilisation of mannitol and NaCl solutions in serum vials
In this Application Note sodium chloride (NaCl) and mannitol are used for freeze drying experiments. The unambiguous crystal structure of NaCl renders this salt a model compound. In contrast, mannitol is well known to crystallize in different polymorphs and it may form hydrates. Nevertheless, mannitol is the most used bulking agent for freeze dried pharmaceutical formulations. The benefits of using mannitol are that it crystallizes during freezing, creates a beautiful cake and permits drying processes at higher product temperatures, thus with higher sublimation rates compared to purely amorphous systems.
Nitrogen & protein determination in feed
An easy and reliable method for the determination of total nitrogen and protein in animal feed products according to the Kjeldahl method is introduced. The determination of nitrogen and protein in animal feed products using the SpeedDigester K-439 and Kjel Line systems with colorimetric titration provides reliable and reproducible results. These results correspond well to the certified reference values with low relative standard deviations.